Relación útero-embrionaria y su variación morfológica durante el periodo implantacional en conejo / Uterus-embryonnic relatioship and its morphologic variation during implantational period in the rabbit

La implantación embrionaria en úteros de mamíferos es iniciada por la formación de un contacto directo célula a célula entre el trofoblasto del blastocisto y el epitelio uterino. El conejo ha demostrado ser un excelente modelo para los estudios de implantación y se presenta como uno de los mamíferos con mayor eficiencia reproductiva. Nuestro objetivo fue reconstruir la secuencia de los eventos, tanto morfológicos como morfométricos que ocurren durante la implantación en el conejo, entre los 7 a 10 días post coito. Se utilizaron 16 conejas neozelandesas blancas adultas (Oryctolagus cuniculus), mantenidas en cautiverio y obtenidas del Bioterio de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile. Una vez sacrificadas, el útero de cada coneja gestante fue fijado en formalina al 10 por ciento y postfijado en Dubosq brasil. Se utilizaron las técnicas histológicas: H. E. y Tricrómico de Masson e histoquímicas: PAS, PAS diastasa, Azul de Alcián pH 2.5 y pH 1.0, y Picrosirius de Junqueira. Otras vesículas se fijaron en methacarn para su estudio inmunocitoquímico con el anticuerpo monoclonal (CK) AE1, con la finalidad de evidenciar cambios en los filamentos intermedios de las células epiteliales. Se consignó el diámetro de la vesícula en mm y glándulas uterinas en µm. Desde el día 7 al 10 post coito, el diámetro de la vesícula embrionaria aumentó 2 mm por día. Las glándulas uterinas experimentaron un significativo y distinto crecimiento, dependiendo si éstas se encontraban en la pared mesometrial o antimesometrial. En conejo, el sinciciotrofoblasto del hemisferio abembriónico del blastocisto, se adhiere y fusiona con el epitelio uterino, luego la cámara implantacional, en coneja, se forma como resultado de la expansión del blastocisto que mantiene contacto con varios puntos de la pared uterina, ya sea en la región antimesometrial como mesometrial. La primera adhesión, ocurre entre el sinciciotrofoblasto y las células epiteliales de la pared antimesometrial antes de que ocurra una modificación epitelial general y del tejido conjuntivo subyacente, con aumento de glicógeno y glicosaminoglicanos.

Ultrastructural aspects of the final stage of hemoglobin biosynthesis

Electron microscopic observations on rabbit embryo, adult rabbit, guinea pig, and human immature erythroid cells showed characteristic hemoglobinized organelles distinguishable from mitochondria by their highly dense matrix, two or three longitudinally arranged double lamellae, and smaller diameters. The presence of hemoglobin (Hb) within these organelles was also demonstrated by electrophoresis of the concentrated supernatant from the isolated, washed and osmotically lysec organelle fraction. The term hemosome has been suggested for these organelles because of their Hb content. We propose that they are the sites of heme integration into the four polypeptide globin chains. The frequency of hemosomes is higher in the peripheral blood erythorid cells of embryos than in the liver erythroid cells, coinciding with the higher Hb synthesis rate in peripheral blood than in the liver. Peripheral blood reticulocytes of rabbits with anemia induced by bleeding presented a lower hemosome frequency than normal reticulocytes. The decrease paralleled the decay of Hb biosynthesis activity. Moreover, Hb biosynthesis induced in HeLa cell and epithelial cell tissue cultures was always associated with the formation of hemosomes. Hemosomegenesis was studied in epithelial tissue culture cells experimentally induced to synthesize Hb, allowing the identification of several stages of hemosome formation in erythroid cells. The morphological data suggest that mitochondria are successively modified to lamellated...

Ultrastructural Studies on Mitochondria of Preimplantaion Rabbit Embryos

The ultrastructural changes of mitochondria in the ovarian oocytes from Graafian follicles, the ovulated tubal ova, and the various stages of preimplantation rabbit embryos have been observed with an electron microscope. From the ovarian oocytes to the 4-cell stage, mitochondria showed oval and round forms with a few cristae arranged concentrically and peripherally at the inner membrane. In 8-cell and 16-cell stages, mitochondria tended to change their forms to be elongated, and their sizes, and the outer membrane of the mitochondria had a tendency to become rough and irregular although there were few changes in the inner structure. In morula, some mitochondria began to show several transverse cristae proceeding into the matrix. Mitochondria rapidly increased in number at the late blastocyst stage. Matrix of mitochondria with transverse cristae found in the morula and in blastocyst stages was less dense than that of the earlier stages. The authors believe that the morphological changes of mitochondria during early embryonal development indicate the level of enzymatic activity at which this organelle is engaged in energy metabolism.